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18. (Those are) the 23 Stars of d. Anu.

16./17. Mercury (LU.BAD)GU4.UD, called d.MASH
is visible before or after sunrise within any month
and disappears within any month

AK: The determinative DIL.BAD viz. LU.BAD (transcription??) means
"moving star", so that the actual Sumerian name of Mercury is d.GU4.d.UD
i.e."steer of the sun", perhaps in the sense of "child of the sun"
since as in Latvian GUOV = DZIV "life".
This is line 2 of Column I of the Turin Canon (Turin Papyrus).
Sumerian MASH = Latvian MAZS "small one" (of the planets).

15. Saturn (LU.BAD).SAG.USH, changes location continuously
and crosses heaven

AK: The actual Sumerian name of Saturn is only d.SAG.USH d.UD and is also
found as KUSCH, according to Papke also as Meskiag-Kasch(er)
- which is nearly the transcription which results from the last hieroglyph
on Column I of the Turin Canon/Papyrus = Saturn.
Similarly, Jupiter is the "father" (Papke says "son" of Saturn)
of the heavenly family of planets, in Sumerian EN.MER.KAR
or SAG.ME.GAR (this is the second to last line of
Column I of the Turin Papyrus).

14. Mars (salbtanu), changes its location continuously
and crosses the heaven

AK: salbatanu is the Akkadian name for Mars, allegedly meaning "fiery one"
(but see DILBAT above, i.e. salbat- < dilbat ?) and this has its "fiery"
Sumerian comparable as MUL.DIR = Latvian DZIRk- "burn, spout fire, spark"

13. Venus (DIL.BAD), changes its location continuously
and crosses the heaven

AK: This is a very important term.
Sumerian DIL.BAD = Latvian DILBAT "quick, fast moving",
perhaps from *DIL-BAT, where BAT is now Latvian VED- "move, carry, escort",
so that DIL- must at some time have meant "quick" but perhaps DZIL- "inner".

We find the same term in principle as a determinative for Mars
(LUgal.BAnDa), and for Saturn and Mercury as LU.BAD,
where LU might be Latvian ARU i.e. ARU.VADis
i.e. "slow moving star" but more likely "outer moving star".

12. d.ZA.BA4.BA4, the Eagle TI8.(MUSHEN)
and the Corpse (LU).USH

AK: Sumerian LU.USH "corpse, dead body" = Latvian LIKIS "corpse,
dead body" (the first i is long, the K is palatalized.

11. The Scales (ZI.BA.AN.NA), the "horn" of the scorpion

AK: The Akkadian term is zibanitum, described as MUL d.Shamash d.UD
"constellation of the sun" and applied to the star alpha-Librae in Libra,
which in Arabic is Uz Zubana viz. Zubenelgenubi.
The term Sumerian ZI.BA.AN.NA could be Latvian SPAINI "pails",
i.e. the two contra-weights of the scale, but it might also mean "sharp"
as the Latvian term ZIBENA "like lightning, lightning, sharp"
but also "prong, claw" in view of Latvian ZHUBURA "prong, fork," - which
might also be related to Nr. 12 below, i.e. the "clawed" bird.)

10. The Seed-Furrow (AB.SIN), d.Shala (with the ) sheaf of grain

AK: According to the MUL.APIN table of heliacal risings,
AB.SIN rises 10 days after SHU.PA and SHU.PA rises 60
days after KAK.SI.SA, so that AB.SIN, as Papke correctly notes, can only
be the Star SPICA (the ancient "seed furrow", also described as a vulva in
ancient texts"), i.e. the constellation Virgo. Sumerian AB.SIN = AP-SIEN
viz. APSEJIENs "seed, sow" but also "end of the sow, seed, unsown field".

9. The Raven UGA.(MUSHEN), the star of d.Adad

AK: Papke' states that this is the constellation of Corvus.
Sumerian UGA = Latvian UOGA "clump, berry"
MUSHEN = MUSHINA "fly, flying thing".

8. The Snake (MUSH), d.NIN.GISH.ZI.DA,
lord of the underworld

AK: Papke states that this is Hydra.
Sumerian MUSH = Latvian MUDZis "something coiled"
Sumerian d. NIN.GISH.ZI.DA = Latvian JANINA KUODZITE "biter of Anu"

7. The Bow (BAN), the elamite d.Ishtar, the daughter of d.Enlil

AK: Sumerian BAN "bow" = Latvian VIKSNE "bow"

6. The Lance (KAK.SI.SA), the spear of the great hero Ninurta

AK:According to Papke, this is the lance (arrow?),
next to (on) the bow, running from Sirius to Procyon,
where we today refer to CANIS major and minor.
Sumerian KAK.SI.SA = Latvian KEKSIS/KEKSISA (first K palatalized)
meaning "(of) a sharp object, hook", i.e. a "lanced" sharp object.
Original perhaps KAK.AS.TE "cat's tail".

5. The star behind him: the rooster (DAR.LUGAL)

AK: This shows that "king" is not the original meaning of LUGAL
but as also for Regulus, applies to the stars of the upper legs
(Latvian LIEKKAUL-) of the rooster.

3./4. The Twins (MASH.TAB.BA) who are near
the loyal shepherd of heaven: d.LU.LAL and d.Latarak

AK: This is Gemini, the twins, i.e. TAB.BA , Latvian DIVA "DOUBle, twins"

2. The Loyal Shepherd of Heaven (SIPA.ZI.AN.NA),
d.Papsukkal, the messenger of d.Anu and d.Ishtar

AK: Papke states that this is the constellation Orion. According to Papke,
SIPA.ZI.AN.NA = GilgaMESH, where d.MASH is a name of
Gilgamesh-Mercury, also as a name for Ninurta - thus showing clearly that
MASH in MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAl and MASH.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR
does NOT mean "twin", rather the Sumerian MASH = Latvian MAS, MEDZ-
meaning "relative, born of, originating from" and hence GILGAMESH
means "born of GILGA" where GILGA is probably related to Latvian
GULETajs "the seven-sleeper, German Siebenschlaefer, celebrated due to
precession on the 27th of June, in the Latvian mythology "celies,
guletajs! septinus guletajus piemin junija 27. diena" = rise, sleeper,
seven sleepers are remembered on the 27th of June. Hence, "born of GILGA"
means, perhaps, born of the 7 Pleiades. The shepherd was in ancient
Latvian mythology seen as a sleeping giant who rose due to the circulation
of the stars initiated - ostensibly - by the rising of the Pleiades.
The idea that SIPA in the Sumerian phrase SI.PA.ZI.AN.NA means
"sheep" can not be supported by an examination of further Sumerian texts.
In von Soden we find Sumerian: SIB-ZI-UDU-KA-NI-NE-IR4
translated as "to his true shepherd of the sheep".
But his is Latvian SEV- ISTU- GANINU "own true shepherd"
with an origin perhaps in the "shepherd's crook" of Orion
as Latvian S(K)EPIS AITU GANINU.

Column II
1. The heavenly steer (GU4.AN.NA), the god of the
(wooden)-tablet (GISH)Le, the Crown of Anu.

AK: According to Papke, this is Taurus, the steer.
Sumerian GU4.AN.NA "steer" = Latvian GUOV-INA dim. "steer, cow".
Sumerian GISH.LE "wooden" is Latvian KOKLE or KOCELE ("wooden, of wood")
which are the stars around alpha-Tauri, i.e.Aldebaran and the Hyades.
Sumerian GU4 (one of at least four GU- symbols in Sumerian)
is differentiated in Sumerian from other GU- symbols,
since a correct transcription is GOUV-.

44. The star cluster (MUL.MUL),
the seven-fold deity, the great gods

AK: Papke states that these are the Pleiades. We find MUL.MUL as
BU(L).BULins (viz. (sic) FUL.FULns on the Etruscan Bronze Liver of
Piacenza - also as the star cluster Pleiades. In Latvian BUBULins is a
heavenly "cloud of Spring", or "cluster, bubble".

43. The star behind it: the agrarian worker
(LU).CHUN.GA), d.Dumuzi

AK: As Papke notes, Sumerian Dumuzi (Tammuz), Akkadian Enkidu,
in the most ancient scripts was the lover and husband of Inana
"queen of heaven", Sumerian E.AN.NA, and here he is found together
with her in the heavens in the path of Anu.

Philon of Byblos reporting the 14th century BC works of the Phoenician
writer Sanchuniathon states that Tammuz-Adon in Byblos was also Hebrew
Adon sade "King of the Fields"
Sumerian CHUN.GA = Latvian KUN-GA "King's, Master's".

42. The star behind the Great Square: Anunitum

AK: This would appear to be the star Andromeda (Latvian Andru-meita,
daughter of Andru, i.e. daughter of An(dr)u, Anu-nitum = i.e. Latvian
Janu-meita or Janu-meitene viz. *Anu-meita viz. *Anu-meitene (daughter of Anu).

41. The star at the Great Square: The Swan (shi-nu-nu-tum).

40. The Great Square ((ASH).IKU). Domicile of d.Ea,
which leads the stars of d.Anu.

AK: Sumerian ASH.IKU = Latvian ieZHUOGU "(of the) enclosure"

MUL.APIN
The 23 Stars on the Path of Anu
(Column I, Lines 40 through 44,
Column II, Lines 1 through 18)